[Brain neurons have precise division of labor. Chinese scientists have cracked the underlying mystery of the brain's flexible decision-making] On October 16, we learned from the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology (Institute of Neuroscience) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences that Xu Ninglong's research team at the center discovered that dendritic computing of neurons in the cerebral cortex participates in cognitive computing processes in flexible decision-making, filling the long-term lack of direct evidence between dendritic computing and advanced cognitive functions. This research lays a theoretical foundation for uncovering the intelligence mechanism of the human brain and developing new artificial intelligence systems. The results were published in the international academic journal "Science" on October 16. This research subverts traditional cognition and breaks the inherent view that "a single neuron is just a simple node in the cognitive network". It proves that a single neuron can complete complex advanced cognitive calculations and finds the underlying mechanism at the cellular level that makes human thinking flexible and changeable. This research result creates a new paradigm in brain cognition research and is expected to support scientists in designing more efficient and flexible artificial intelligence systems.