How much energy do you get from sleeping less? Gene mutation allows people to sleep only 3 hours a day

Most people need about eight hours of sleep a night to function normally, but a rare genetic mutation allows some people to feel energized on just three hours of sleep. Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, have discovered that this short sleep ability may be related to a specific genetic mutation. The research was recently published in the U.S. NationalsciencePublished in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

Researchers initially discovered a mutation in a gene associated with regulating the body's circadian rhythm (the biological clock that controls sleep-wake cycles) by analyzing the genomes of a mother and daughter. The discovery prompted others with similar sleep habits to contact the lab for DNA testing. So far, researchers have identified hundreds of naturally short sleepers and found five mutations in four genes that may be related to short sleep, with different families often carrying different mutations.

In the latest study, researchers discovered new mutations in the SIK3 gene in the DNA of a naturally short sleeper. The enzyme encoded by this gene is active in locations such as the neuronal gap. To verify the role of this mutation, researchers used gene editing to make mice carry this mutation. They found that these mice slept about 31 minutes less per day than ordinary mice (mice usually sleep 12 hours a day). Further analysis showed that the mutant enzyme has higher activity in brain synapses, and it is speculated that it may shorten sleep time by maintaining brain homeostasis, supporting the theory that "sleep helps the brain reset."

Experts pointed out that the decrease in sleep time in mice was relatively small, indicating that the Sik3 mutation was not the main cause of reduced sleep needs. Nonetheless, this study provides new clues to understanding the mechanisms of sleep regulation. Scientists believe that further exploration of the impact of these genetic variations will help reveal the mysteries of human sleep and provide new ideas for the treatment of sleep disorders.